This chapter draws on longitudinal data to examine the role of gender in immigrant students' educational adaptation. Analyses show that over time girls receive higher grades and express higher future expectations than do boys. Compared with boys, immigrant girls are more likely to be protected from risk factors, such as harsh school environments, by a supported network of teachers, friends, and parents, and to benefit from the shield of ethnicity more than their male counterparts in their pursuit of education.

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education social behavior educational status longitudinal study psychological aspect Social Identification human Longitudinal Studies Life Change Events Schools statistics sex difference Ethnic Groups life event ethnic group comparative study Adaptation, Psychological social support Faculty gender identity Hispanic Americans interview United States Humans attitude Hispanic Adolescent Asian Americans male Asian American female university adaptive behavior Parent-Child Relations school peer group Article migration Sex Factors Interviews Emigration and Immigration Educational Measurement child parent relation Child