International migration has led to increasingly diverse populations in many high-income countries. With approximately 250,000 newcomers each year, it should be no surprise that developing services that meet the needs of immigrants, refugees, ethnocultural, and racialized populations (IRER) is a major priority in the Mental Health Strategy for Canada. The published Canadian literature on the mental health of diverse populations concludes that differences in the exposure to social risk factors lead to differences in rates of illness for some groups. Whether rates of illness are high or low in a particular group, however, problems in accessing services are ubiquitous. Improving the service response will require political will, leadership, strategic planning, and data, and must include people with lived experience and the populations at highest risk. This paper outlines the âœIssues and Optionsâ paper commissioned by the Mental Health Commission of Canada, which used a thorough literature review and a national consultation to develop a model for service development. A health equity approach that utilizes local-population-based planning and the evidence-based interventions that are available for diverse groups could improve services for IRER groups in Canada.

Social risk culture Racialized Ethnicity health policy Immigration Refugee Rates of illness health equity Community-based planning

personal experience model Canada strategic planning leadership health equity mental health human consultation