With organized hate crime and institutionalized discrimination, thousands of European Roma have fled to Canada, where they claim refugee status. Their arrival coincided with far-ranging reforms to the refugee determination system in 2012-13 in addition to some actions aimed specifically at the Roma. Against this backdrop, former and current Romani refugee claimants substantiate the experience of migration and settlement, beginning with the first moments after arrival, to the tasks of finding housing and work. Agency and resilience are evinced, despite the government's multiple instruments used against asylum-seekers. Romani refugees' lives show how, for transnational groups, belongingness is always contested and the meaning of home is always nuanced.

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Canada government Ontario [Canada] Toronto refugee human settlement asylum seeker migration