Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
Volume 33, Issue 10, 2018, Pages 1812-1822

Chronic kidney disease burden among African migrants in three European countries and in urban and rural Ghana: The RODAM cross-sectional study (Article) (Open Access)

Adjei D.N.* , Stronks K. , Adu D. , Beune E. , Meeks K. , Smeeth L. , Addo J. , Owuso-Dabo E. , Klipstein-Grobusch K. , Mockenhaupt F.P. , Schulze M.B. , Danquah I. , Spranger J. , Bahendeka S. , De-Graft Aikins A. , Agyemang C.
  • a Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
  • b Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • c Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana and Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
  • d Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • e Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • f Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  • g Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  • h Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
  • i Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Netherlands, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
  • j Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
  • k Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
  • l Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
  • m Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
  • n MKPGMS - Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala, Uganda
  • o Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
  • p Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Abstract

Background. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major burden among sub-Saharan African (SSA) populations. However, differences in CKD prevalence between rural and urban settings in Africa, and upon migration to Europe are unknown. We therefore assessed the differences in CKD prevalence among homogenous SSA population (Ghanaians) residing in rural and urban Ghana and in three European cities, and whether conventional risk factors of CKD explained the observed differences. Furthermore, we assessed whether the prevalence of CKD varied among individuals with hypertension and diabetes compared with individuals without these conditions. Methods. For this analysis, data from Research on Obesity & Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM), a multi-centre cross-sectional study, were used. The study included a random sample of 5607 adult Ghanaians living in Europe (1465 Amsterdam, 577 Berlin, 1041 London) and Ghana (1445 urban and 1079 rural) aged 25 70 years. CKD status was defined according to severity of kidney disease using the combination of glomerular filtration rate (G1 G5) and albuminuria (A1 A3) levels as defined by the 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes severity classification. Comparisons among sites were made using logistic regression analysis. Results. CKD prevalence was lower in Ghanaians living in Europe (10.1%) compared with their compatriots living in Ghana (13.3%) even after adjustment for age, sex and conventional risk factors of CKD [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56 0.88, P 0.002]. CKD prevalence was markedly lower among Ghanaian migrants with hypertension (adjusted OR 0.54, 0.44 0.76, P 0.001) and diabetes (adjusted OR 0.37, 0.22 0.62, P 0.001) compared with non-migrant Ghanaians with hypertension and diabetes. No significant differences in CKD prevalence was observed among non-migrant Ghanaians and migrant Ghanaians with no hypertension and diabetes. Among Ghanaian residents in Europe, the odds of CKD were lower in Amsterdam than in Berlin, while among Ghanaian residents in Ghana, the odds of CKD were lower in rural Ghana (adjusted OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.53 0.88, P 0.004) than in urban Ghana, but these difference were explained by conventional risk factors. Conclusion. Our study shows important differences in CKD prevalence among Ghanaians living in Europe compared with those living in Ghana, independent of conventional risk factors, with marked differences among those with hypertension and diabetes. Further research is needed to identify factors that might explain the observed difference across sites to implement interventions to reduce the high burden of CKD, especially in rural and urban Ghana. © 2018 Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.

Author Keywords

chronic renal failure Hypertension Ethnicity Epidemiology Ghana Cardiovascular

Index Keywords

urban population human middle aged rural population Ghana Aged prognosis Cross-Sectional Studies cross-sectional study Humans Black person African Continental Ancestry Group male female risk factor Risk Factors prevalence adult migration Transients and Migrants chronic kidney failure Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Link
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85054404763&doi=10.1093%2fndt%2fgfx347&partnerID=40&md5=caf51238da76e81614ee3fa5f9381b32
DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx347
ISSN: 09310509
Cited by: 4
Original Language: English