Development of the Migrant Friendly Maternity Care Questionnaire (MFMCQ) for migrants to Western societies: An international Delphi consensus process

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Volume 14, Issue 1, 2014

Development of the Migrant Friendly Maternity Care Questionnaire (MFMCQ) for migrants to Western societies: An international Delphi consensus process (Article) (Open Access)

Gagnon A.J.* , De Bruyn R. , Essén B. , Gissler M. , Heaman M. , Jeambey Z. , Korfker D. , McCourt C. , Roth C. , Zeitlin J. , Small R. , Alexander S. , Racapé J. , Arntzen A. , Barros H. , Blondel B. , Merry L. , Glazier R. , Kirby R. , Mohangoo A. , Macfarlane A. , Dattani N. , Nybo Andersen A.-M. , Mortensen L. , Villadsen S. , Davey M.-A. , Sievers E. , Stray-Pedersen B. , Urquia M. , Janevic T. , Guendelman S. , Bolumar F. , Río Sánchez M.I. , Hjern A. , Vangen S.

^a Ingram School of Nursing, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, McGill University, 3506 University St., Montreal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
^b Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
^c Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
^d THL National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, NHV Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden
^e Faculty of Nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
^f Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
^g Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Department of Child Health, Leiden, Netherlands
^h Midwifery and Child Health, School of Community and Health Sciences, City University, London, United Kingdom
ⁱ School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
^j INSERM, UMR S953 Epidemiological Research Unit on Perinatal Health and Women's and Children's Health, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
^k Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
^l Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
^m Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
ⁿ Vestford University College, Norway
^o University of Porto, Portugal
^p INSERM, France
^q McGill University and McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Canada
^r Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Canada
^s University of South Florida, United States
^t TNO Institute: Prevention and Health, Netherlands
^u City University of London, United Kingdom
^v City University of London, United Kingdom
^w University of Copenhagen, Denmark
^x University of Copenhagen, Denmark
^y University of Copenhagen, Denmark
^z La Trobe University, Australia
^a Akademie für öffentliches Gesundheitswesen, Dusseldorf, Germany
^b University of Oslo, Norway
^c Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Canada
^d Rutgers University, United States
^e University of California at Berkeley, United States
^f Universidad de Alcalá, Spain
^g National Centre of Epidemiology, Spain
^h Karolinska Institutet and Centre for Health Equity Studies, Sweden
ⁱ Oslo University Hospital, Norway

Abstract

Background: Through the World Health Assembly Resolution, 'Health of Migrants', the international community has identified migrant health as a priority. Recommendations for general hospital care for international migrants in receiving-countries have been put forward by the Migrant Friendly Hospital Initiative; adaptations of these recommendations specific to maternity care have yet to be elucidated and validated. We aimed to develop a questionnaire measuring migrant-friendly maternity care (MFMC) which could be used in a range of maternity care settings and countries.Methods: This study was conducted in four stages. First, questions related to migrant friendly maternity care were identified from existing questionnaires including the Migrant Friendliness Quality Questionnaire, developed in Europe to capture recommended general hospital care for migrants, and the Mothers In a New Country (MINC) Questionnaire, developed in Australia and revised for use in Canada to capture the maternity care experiences of migrant women, and combined to create an initial MFMC questionnaire. Second, a Delphi consensus process in three rounds with a panel of 89 experts in perinatal health and migration from 17 countries was undertaken to identify priority themes and questions as well as to clarify wording and format. Third, the draft questionnaire was translated from English to French and Spanish and back-translated and subsequently culturally validated (assessed for cultural appropriateness) by migrant women. Fourth, the questionnaire was piloted with migrant women who had recently given birth in Montreal, Canada.Results: A 112-item questionnaire on maternity care from pregnancy, through labour and birth, to postpartum care, and including items on maternal socio-demographic, migration and obstetrical characteristics, and perceptions of care, has been created - the Migrant Friendly Maternity Care Questionnaire (MFMCQ) - in three languages (English, French and Spanish). It is completed in 45 minutes via interview administration several months post-birth.Conclusions: A 4-stage process of questionnaire development with international experts in migrant reproductive health and research resulted in the MFMCQ, a questionnaire measuring key aspects of migrant-sensitive maternity care. The MFMCQ is available for further translation and use to examine and compare care and perceptions of care within and across countries, and by key socio-demographic, migration, and obstetrical characteristics of migrant women. © 2014 Gagnon et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Author Keywords

Childbirth Pregnancy Women Maternal-child health services Ethnicity Quality of health care Patient satisfaction Patient-centred care Immigration and emigration Questionnaires

Index Keywords

general hospital personal experience perception maternal care birth Australia demography Europe Delphi study human validation study Delphi Technique health service social aspect Consensus Development Conferences as Topic migrant friendliness quality questionnaire migrant friendly maternity care questionnaire mother in a new country questionnaire consensus development language hospital care interview Surveys and Questionnaires Humans migrant consensus Canada female questionnaire pregnancy patient satisfaction cultural factor standards Article major clinical study translating (language) Translating migration health care quality Quality of Health Care Culturally Competent Care transcultural care Transients and Migrants Maternal Health Services puerperium labor

Link
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84947648886&doi=10.1186%2f1471-2393-14-200&partnerID=40&md5=2bc4dbb7a3f4960283263473a277f7fa

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-200

ISSN: 14712393

Cited by: 9

Original Language: English