Purpose: Immigrants are highly vulnerable to the development of psychological problems such as depressive symptoms, which calls for further study of immigration in the Eastern context. Identification of factors that protect against depressive symptoms would inform interventions to enhance immigrant adaptation. Methods: This survey recruited 1,205 individuals who are adult immigrants from mainland China to Hong Kong. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to screen them for depressive symptoms. Participants also completed assessments for acculturative stress, discrimination and rejection, and personal and family resilience. Results: The results showed that participants reported considerable depressive symptoms. After controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, acculturative stress, and discrimination and rejection, personal resilience was associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Family resilience added significant explanation of variance to predict depressive symptoms over and above the individual variables, including personal resilience. Conclusions: Our findings draw attention to the role of resilience as a protective factor against mental distress when facing adversities, while highlighting the central importance of family as an emotional resource for immigrant adjustment in the Chinese context. As personal resilience can increase with interventions, our results can inform trials to enhance adaptation among mainland Chinese immigrants in Hong Kong. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Chinese immigrants Personal resilience family resilience Depressive symptoms

China depression human epidemiology middle aged Asian continental ancestry group statistics and numerical data coping behavior Adaptation, Psychological social support ethnology Cross-Sectional Studies cross-sectional study migrant family psychology Adolescent Humans male Emigrants and Immigrants female Socioeconomic Factors risk factor Risk Factors adaptive behavior socioeconomics questionnaire prevalence Resilience, Psychological Questionnaires adult Prejudice Hong Kong