In recent decades, the increased participation of women in the labour market and the rise in the number of landed immigrants in Canada have largely contributed to transforming the employment market. However, several studies have shown that women, immigrants, and members of visible minority groups continue to make up the most vulnerable segments of the job market. The issue we want to address in this article speaks particularly to outdated skills, which means working in a job that requires an academic level below the one held by that individual. In fact, an individual who is too qualified for a position is not fully using his or her human capital, which constitutes a loss for the individual as well as for society. The author's objective is to verify if the skills of immigrant women who are members of a visible minority in Québec are more at risk of becoming outdated than those of men and women from other groups, resulting in a cross-over between immigrant status and belonging to a visible minority. She also wants to analyze the impact of outdated skills on job income in these different groups in order to identify which group is most penalized by outdated skills in the matter of employment income. Her results, based on the 2006 Census files, show that immigrant women who are members of a visible minority in Québec are indeed the most affected by outdated skills and have, as a general rule, the lowest average weekly employment income of all groups. However, this group does not incur the highest income loss associated with outdated skills.

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