As a consequence of the discourse on the ways and means of reducing educational disadvantages of immigrant children and youth in Germany, family education and parent education programs have increasingly drawn attention as possible solutions to these problems. During recent years, in this field numerous programs have been either developed domestically or adapted from other programs originating outside of Germany. In this article, some of these programs are systematically classified by employing a multi-dimensional scheme. As criteria of distinction, the number of program modules, target groups and program structures are taken into account. Further analyses indicate that most programs care a lot about a low-threshold access and that they do produce positive short-term effects. Based on existent empirical studies, it is, however, not feasible to assess long-term effects on the children's scholastic advancement, since in general these studies neither involved a control group nor did they include longitudinal research.

Effectiveness Early childhood education immigrants Family education programs

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