As of the 2006 census, nearly one fifth of Canada's population was foreign-born. With such a sizeable and fast-growing immigrant population, research in immigrant health in Canada is increasingly important, including research on the smoking behaviours of Canada's immigrants. Research has shown that immigrants are significantly less likely to smoke than non-immigrants, yet differences by immigrant origins have yet to be fully explored. This paper explores smoking prevalence and cessation amongst immigrants in Canada disaggregated by country of birth. Additionally, it examines the impact of neighbourhood level effects on smoking cessation to determine if residential location has an impact on the likelihood of quitting. Results reveal important heterogeneities previously unseen in studies employing aggregate data. While immigrants in general were less likely to smoke than non-immigrants, and are also more likely to quit than non-immigrants, considerable variation exists between immigrant groups defined by origin region or country. Asian immigrants were the least likely to smoke but exhibited the greatest variation between countries of origin. Vietnamese men were found to be the most likely immigrant group to smoke and among the least likely to quit. While neighbourhood disadvantage was negatively associated with quitting smoking, it is not as important as individual socioeconomic characteristics in explaining variations in smoking cessation. The research illustrates the need for disaggregated data to account for the diversity of Canada's immigrant population. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Smoking prevalence Smoking cessation country of birth Immigrant Multi-level modelling Canada

educational status immigrant Chinese Asian Americas vietnamese Europe indigenous people human middle aged Asia ethnic group controlled study health status Colombia heterogeneity Kenya neighborhood Residence Characteristics smoking cessation social status Humans ethnic difference smoking male Canada Emigrants and Immigrants residential area Socioeconomic Factors female Risk Factors Africa population research prevalence Article Guyana adult Guyanese multilevel analysis Asian immigrant social behavior immigrant population