In the France of 1889, the political family known as the «whites» attempted to gain attention by organising provincial assemblies, intended as «anti-celebrations» of the centenary of the French Revolution, and which brought together many notables still faithful to the loyalist party. A solid political fraternity developed which became active in many sectors including agricultural unionism, printing and catholic education. Their numerous commitments within French society during the second half of the 19th century can be traced to a culture of combative engagement acquired from a Jesuit education. For the oldest, the crucible was their time at the Saint Michel college in Fribourg between 1827 and 1847. It was there that students forged a political culture founded on legitimacy and established friendships which proved unfailing and were strengthened by a sense of exile. By examining this Fribourg case, together with the cult of memory maintained by the banquets of the Reminescere, it is possible to uncover the mechanisms that produced a «white» political fraternity whose networks extended across the whole of monarchist Europe. The history of the French Republic is intimately bound up with the story of these «white» political movements in the 19th Century. One of the nurseries that spread the sharpest and most perennial thorns in the side of this Republic was the college in Fribourg.

Jesuites Counter-revoution Legitimism Political cultures

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