A deterministic model for the dynamics of malaria and HIV co-infection with protective measures is developed. We extend the model to incorporate HIV positive immigrants into the community. The model is analysed and threshold values determined. Results from the model show that there is no disease-free point. Instead, an initial infection state governed by the infective immigration rate ε exists. A small perturbation around this point approaches global stability if there is reduced susceptibility to HIV by malaria infected individuals. Similarly, if HIV infectives are protected against malaria, the system attains global stability. It is shown that both diseases co-exist if the prevalence of one disease is low and the other high. From the results it is concluded that individuals protect themselves against malaria more when prevalence is high. The major finding of this study is that contrary to the malaria case, HIV positive individuals tend not to use protection when there is increased risk of disease transmission. This implies that as the transmission rate increases, protection against HIV/AIDS reduces. Results further conclude that infective immigrants increase the number of secondary infections as well as the influx of co-infections.

Dual protection HIV/AIDS positive immigrants Malaria Co-infection

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