Study Objectives: To advance our understanding of the interplay of socioeconomic factors, occupational exposures, and race/ethnicity as they relate to sleep duration. We hypothesize that non.Hispanic African/Caribbean immigrant employees in long-term health care have shorter sleep duration than non-Hispanic white employees, and that low education, low income, and occupational exposures including night work and job strain account for some of the African/Caribbean immigrant-white difference in sleep duration. Design: Cross-sectional Setting: Four extended care facilities in Massachusetts, United States Participants: 340 employees in extended care facilities Measurements and Results: Sleep duration was assessed with wrist actigraphy for a mean of 6.3 days. In multivariable regression modeling controlling for gender and age, African/Caribbean immigrants slept 64.4 fewer minutes (95% CI: -81.0, -47.9) per night than white participants; additional control for education and income reduced the racial gap to 50.9 minutes (-69.2, -32.5); additional control for the occupational factors of hours worked per week and working the night shift reduced the racial gap to 37.7 minutes (-57.8, -17.6). Conclusions: This study provides support for the hypothesis that socioeconomic and occupational characteristics explain some of the African/Caribbean immigrant-white difference in sleep duration in the United States, especially among health care workers.

Occupation Racial and ethnic disparities Health Work-family sleep duration Actigraphy

educational status immigrant wrist lowest income group Caucasian race difference health care personnel human sex difference actimetry job stress night work controlled study priority journal employee African Caribbean United States social status cross-sectional study ethnic difference male female occupational exposure Article sleep time adult health care facility body mass occupational hazard