This article examines collaborations between international and local GOs serving Iraqi refugees in Jordan. Refugee displacement, while fraught with challenges, also presents opportunities to support Jordanian civil society and the state social safety net. Such developments potentially benefit not only Iraqi refugees, but also lowincome Jordanians. Barriers to international NGO involvement in Jordan have led to a collaborative model of humanitarian assistance, utilizing ties with local organizations to build programs and direct resources and services to Iraqis. The article is based on field research and interviews with representatives from the majority of international NGO in Jordan, Syria, and the United States. The authors find that while humanitarian cooperation in addressing Iraqi forced migration is important, the complexity of this crisis has limited their work. Without support from the international community and the United States for deepening such alliances, Iraqi refugees will remain vulnerable for years to come. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Humanitarian alliances Forced migration Iraqi refugees Nongovernmental organizations Urban refugees Iraq war Jordan

urban area Iraq refugee civil society Jordan nongovernmental organization Syrian Arab Republic United States forced migration humanitarian aid