Immigrant activists work within but challenge the discursive limits in the settlement sector in Toronto, Canada. The establishment and institutionalization of settlement service results from community based ethnic activists working with changing multicultural circumstances and state policies that regulate immigrants. Consequently, immigrants have been able to obtain resources from the state but must work within ethnicized politics where ethno-specificity, cultural sensitivity and the language of service delivery to 'visible minority' immigrants are important modes of dealing with differences, racial or otherwise. Manageractivists respond to the changing discourse of ethno-specificity as the sector was 'restructured'; they also have to meet the discursive imperatives of the flexible and transcendental immigrant. This paper draws from information gathered as a researcher and as a worker in this sector, from community reports and documents, and from interviews with managers of settlement organizations who also see themselves as activists. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.

activism Immigrant settlement service multiculturalism Ethnospecificity

Canada immigration policy Toronto political participation ethnopolitics multiculturalism immigrant population race language ethnic minority cultural influence Ontario [Canada] institutional framework