Malaria is endemic in Malaysia. Leishmaniasis is a protozoan infection rarely reported in Malaysia. Here, a 24-year-old Nepalese man who presented with prolonged fever and hepatosplenomegaly is reported. Blood film examination confirmed a Plasmodium vivax malaria infection. Despite being adequately treated for malaria, his fever persisted. Bone marrow examination showed presence of Leishman-Donovan complex. He was successfully treated with prolonged course of amphotericin B. The case highlights the importance of awareness among the treating physicians of this disease occurring in a foreign national from an endemic region when he presents with fever and hepatosplenomegaly. Coinfection with malaria can occur although it is rare. It can cause significant delay of the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. © 2011.

Amphotericin B Malaria Leishmaniasis Treatment coinfection

immigrant loading drug dose antiprotozoal agent vital sign bone marrow Antiprotozoal Agents Echocardiography complication hepatosplenomegaly human bone marrow examination Pancytopenia pathology Young Adult foreign worker Humans migrant Treatment Outcome male Emigrants and Immigrants case report Leishmaniasis, Visceral Malaysia amphotericin b Coinfection leishmaniasis Article Malaria, Vivax fever primaquine adult endemic disease Plasmodium vivax malaria anamnesis mixed infection chloroquine