Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Volume 22, Issue 12, 2015, Pages 9293-9306

Organochlorine pesticides and their metabolites in human breast milk from Shanghai, China (Article)

Lu D. , Wang D. , Ni R. , Lin Y. , Feng C. , Xu Q. , Jia X. , Wang G. , Zhou Z.*
  • a School of Public Health/MOE Key Lab for Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
  • b California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, United States
  • c Xuhui District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200237, China
  • d Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
  • e Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
  • f Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
  • g Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
  • h Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
  • i School of Public Health/MOE Key Lab for Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China

Abstract

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent organic pollutants that could cause deleterious effects on human health. Breast milk represents a noninvasive specimen source to assess maternal and infant exposure to OCPs. This study recruited 142 pregnant mothers in 2011–2012 in Shanghai, China, and their breast milk samples were collected during lactation and analyzed for 27 OCP compounds. Detection rates were in a range of 65.5 to 100 %. In particular, metabolites of 2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) such as 2-chloro-1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDMU), 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol (DDOH), bis(4-chlorophenyl)ketone (DBP), and 4,4′-dichlorodiphenylmethane (DDM) were detected in most milk samples. DDTs, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) were dominant OCPs with mean levels of 316, 49.8, and 41.5 ng/g lipid content, respectively, whereas levels of methoxychlor, ∑Drins, ∑Heptachlor, ∑Chlordane, and ∑Endosulfan were fairly low (0.87–5.6 ng/g lipid content). Milk concentrations of OCPs were weakly correlated with maternal age, body weight, and body mass indexes (BMIs). ∑OCPs in this study were much lower than those in human breast milk samples collected in 2002 and 2007. Consumption of higher amounts of fish was associated with higher milk levels of OCPs. Specific OCP patterns in breast milk samples from migrant mothers in Shanghai reflected features of OCP production, use, and exposure in their home provinces. The probabilistic exposure assessment model reveals that Shanghai infants were exposed to low levels of OCPs through breast milk consumption. However, infants as the vulnerable group might be subject to the potential additive and/or synergistic health effects from complex OCP exposure. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Author Keywords

Organochlorine pesticides Shanghai, China Human exposure Risk assessment Breast milk

Index Keywords

China chemistry metabolism lactation health risk chlorinated hydrocarbon Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated persistent organic pollutant metabolite human risk assessment fish breast milk pollution exposure milk weight Shanghai Milk, Human Humans organochlorine pesticide male detection method female spatiotemporal analysis pesticide concentration (composition) pregnancy Pesticides body mass
Link
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84931560764&doi=10.1007%2fs11356-015-4072-z&partnerID=40&md5=1ca4b630a73a6d521249f406e91c1814
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4072-z
ISSN: 09441344
Cited by: 7
Original Language: English