In rural refugee-affected areas, the better-off and more visible hosts usually gain from the presence of refugees and from refugee programs. In contrast, the poorer among the hosts can be hidden losers. The poorer hosts can lose from competition for food, work, wages, services, and common property resources. Vulnerable hosts also lack refugees' option of sending their weaker dependents to camps and settlements. These effects further strengthen the case for development to benefit the whole population in refugee-affected areas. -from Author

[No Keywords available]

refugee Land Supply economics population Migrants demography developing country poverty Population Dynamics environmental protection Developing Countries Refugees Agriculture Food Supply policy socioeconomic status Salaries and Fringe Benefits Carrying Capacity catering service income social status economic development health care manpower Health Manpower wage Socioeconomic Factors personnel management socioeconomics social welfare Wages Article social planning Development Planning migration Demographic Factors Emigration and Immigration low income population Economic Factors Conservation of Natural Resources Transients and Migrants social class Migration--cost Human Resources Settlement And Resettlement--cost International Migration--cost employment Labor Force