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unemployment Comparative Studies educational status Americas economics population Migrants demography social change developing country Population Dynamics Developing Countries sex difference Developed Countries comparative study socioeconomic status language Salaries and Fringe Benefits Residence Characteristics income North America social status sociology geography health care manpower Health Manpower Canada wage Socioeconomic Factors personnel management socioeconomics Western Hemisphere Wages Article employment status migration age Geographic Factors Sex Factors Age Factors population and population related phenomena international migration developed country Demographic Factors Emigration and Immigration Economic Factors Transients and Migrants social class Northern America Population Characteristics Human Resources Macroeconomic Factors employment Labor Force