This study examined mothers' and fathers' reports of their time spent in their school-age children's care and academic work and the relationships between socioeconomic status and social support variables with fathers' time spent in children's care and academic work within two-parent Mexican immigrant families. Mother and father dyads from 79 two-parent Mexican immigrant families with a second- or third-grade child residing in rural towns in southwestern United States participated in the study. Multivariate analyses of variance indicated that mothers spent significantly more time in children's basic care, care on demand, and both academic interaction at home and at school than did fathers. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that fathers' time spent in children's care was positively related to their educational level and extrafamilial support and that their time spent in children's academic work, although positively influenced by their education, was negatively influenced by family size. Findings are discussed with regard to gender role differences in parental engagement with children within Mexican immigrant families and their implications for informing policy makers, educators, and parents of the importance of parental time spent in enriching children's development and culturally sensitive strategies for doing so. © The Author(s) 2009.

families Fathers' involvement Children's academic work Children's care Mexican immigrant

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