A proposal for the inclusion of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) in the upcoming ICD-11 has been put forward. Using self-report, we investigated the resemblance between disorders of extreme stress not otherwise specified (DESNOS) and both axis I and II syndromes among 116 treatment-seeking Bosnian refugees. In this sample, the prevalence of DESNOS overlapped to a large degree with the prevalence of schizotypal and paranoid personality disorders (PDs). There was, however, also a large prevalence of axis I syndromes in the group. Thus, DESNOS in the refugees can be categorized as an axis I or II disorder depending on the chronicity and the severity of functional impairment. DESNOS and PD-like states were even observed among the refugees with no history of childhood maltreatment. No large differences were observed between DESNOS and PD regarding sex. The symptom constellation of CPTSD in the ICD-11 is partially supported. However, CPTSD might resemble PD to a considerable degree.©2014 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

ICD-11 Refugees Complex PTSD Bosnia and Herzegovina CPTSD Personality disorder DESNOS

personality disorder chronicity ICD-11 histrionic personality disorder antisocial personality disorder depression paranoid personality disorder avoidant personality disorder bipolar mania thought disorder refugee dependent personality disorder sadistic personality disorder human delusional disorder comorbidity Refugees middle aged Self Report Denmark schizotypal personality disorder Aged alcoholism drug dependence dysthymia borderline state Bosnia-Herzegovina Humans male female stress Personality Disorders Psychiatric Status Rating Scales prevalence Article functional disease narcissism adult posttraumatic stress disorder Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic major depression Compulsive Personality Disorder somatoform disorder complex posttraumatic stress disorder