PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Volume 10, Issue 12, 2016

Use of Oral Cholera Vaccine and Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in a Long-Standing Refugee Camp, Thailand, 2012-2014 (Article) (Open Access)

Scobie H.M.* , Phares C.R. , Wannemuehler K.A. , Nyangoma E. , Taylor E.M. , Fulton A. , Wongjindanon N. , Aung N.R. , Travers P. , Date K.
  • a Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States, Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
  • b Thailand Ministry of Public Health – U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
  • c Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
  • d Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
  • e Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States, Division of Global HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
  • f Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
  • g Thailand Ministry of Public Health – U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
  • h Première Urgence-Aide Médicale Internationale, Mae Sot, Thailand
  • i Première Urgence-Aide Médicale Internationale, Mae Sot, Thailand
  • j Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States

Abstract

Oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) are relatively new public health interventions, and limited data exist on the potential impact of OCV use on traditional cholera prevention and control measures—safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH). To assess OCV acceptability and knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding cholera and WaSH, we conducted cross-sectional surveys, 1 month before (baseline) and 3 and 12 months after (first and second follow-up) a preemptive OCV campaign in Maela, a long-standing refugee camp on the Thailand-Burma border. We randomly selected households for the surveys, and administered questionnaires to female heads of households. In total, 271 (77%), 187 (81%), and 199 (85%) households were included in the baseline, first and second follow-up surveys, respectively. Anticipated OCV acceptability was 97% at baseline, and 91% and 85% of household members were reported to have received 1 and 2 OCV doses at first follow-up. Compared with baseline, statistically significant differences (95% Wald confidence interval not overlapping zero) were noted at first and second follow-up among the proportions of respondents who correctly identified two or more means of cholera prevention (62% versus 78% and 80%), reported boiling or treating drinking water (19% versus 44% and 69%), and washing hands with soap (66% versus 77% and 85%); a significant difference was also observed in the proportion of households with soap available at handwashing areas (84% versus 90% and 95%), consistent with reported behaviors. No significant difference was noted in the proportion of households testing positive for Escherichia coli in stored household drinking water at second follow-up (39% versus 49% and 34%). Overall, we observed some positive, and no negative changes in cholera- and WaSH-related KAPs after an OCV campaign in Maela refugee camp. OCV campaigns may provide opportunities to reinforce beneficial WaSH-related KAPs for comprehensive cholera prevention and control. © 2016 Public Library of Science. All Rights Reserved.

Author Keywords

[No Keywords available]

Index Keywords

chlorine household social acceptance Hand Hygiene refugee weakness environmental sanitation Escherichia coli abdominal pain Thailand follow up human Refugees middle aged controlled study time factor Time Factors oral drug administration Aged nausea Administration, Oral health auxiliary rural health family size Cholera Vaccines Family Characteristics knowledge cholera vaccine cholera Cross-Sectional Studies hygiene Surveys and Questionnaires sanitation hand washing Young Adult attitude Adolescent cross-sectional study male headache Humans female Socioeconomic Factors socioeconomics questionnaire refugee camp immunology isolation and purification Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Article standards adult fever sample size microbiology soap ethnicity Drinking Water attitude to health text messaging Water quality
Link
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85008600546&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pntd.0005210&partnerID=40&md5=2967bd724cc4de393e9a1cfd6767850d
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005210
ISSN: 19352727
Cited by: 4
Original Language: English