What motivates minority group members to support other minorities, rather than compete for resources? We tested whether inclusive victim consciousness -i.e., perceived similarities between the ingroup's and outgroups' collective victimization-predicts support for other minority groups; and whether personal and family experiences of group-based victimization moderate these effects. Study 1 was conducted among members of historically oppressed groups in India. As hypothesized, inclusive victim consciousness predicted support for refugees. Personal experiences of group-based victimization moderated this effect. Conceptually replicating these findings, in Study 2 (among Vietnamese Americans, mostly second-generation immigrants) inclusive victim consciousness predicted less hostility toward other refugees and immigrants, and greater perceived responsibility to help victims of collective violence. This effect was moderated by family experiences of victimization. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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responsibility personal experience violence immigrant refugee India victim consciousness hostility family study minority group human family human experiment American