During the height of the Americanization era, the General Federation of Women’s Clubs launched a campaign to raise standards of citizenry via the “Ninety Days of Opportunity” initiative and Primer for English Instruction. Members solicited immigrant women by offering English-language instruction classes, home visits, and support during naturalization. Strikingly, there is little evidence of how immigrant women responded to Americanization programs or experienced clubwomen’s educational efforts. However, by juxtaposing two different sets of archival data, this study listens for intersections of differences and commonalities between the two groups of women to create the beginnings of a cross-cultural dialogue. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

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