Numerous studies demonstrate that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) children and youth are likely to experience abuse by peers, parents, and other adults and that these experiences correlate with a host of mental health problems. However, there is little understanding of the experiences of LGBT children and youth living in countries where social and legal protections for sexual and gender minorities are limited or nonexistent. This qualitative study used thematic analysis to explore the child and adolescent abuse experiences and their impact on the pre-migration mental health of LGBT forced migrants. We analyzed 26 interviews with individuals who obtained refugee or asylee status in the United States or Canada on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. Participants originated from countries in Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East. Analysis revealed the following themes: abuse by parents and caregivers, abuse by peers and school personnel, having nowhere to turn, and dealing with psychological distress. Findings indicate that participants experienced severe verbal, physical, and sexual abuse throughout childhood and adolescence and that this abuse occurred at home, in school, and in the community. Furthermore, there were no resources or sources of protection available to them. Participants linked their abuse to subjective experiences of depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress, as well as suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. We conclude with implications for refugee adjudication practices, mental health care, and international policy. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.

Child abuse Thematic analysis International child protection LGBT children LGBT youth

anxiety depression South and Central America verbal hostility refugee sexual behavior mental health human LGBT people Asia suicide attempt Middle East Eastern Europe administrative personnel gender identity qualitative research physical abuse interview asylum seeker Young Adult United States Humans migrant psychology parent Domestic Violence sexual orientation Canada male preschool child female Child, Preschool Africa adolescent abuse peer group sexual abuse Caribbean Article Family Relations thematic analysis Child Abuse adult migration family relation posttraumatic stress disorder distress syndrome Transients and Migrants social discrimination caregiver suicidal ideation Child