The purpose of this review is to integrate evidence on human trafficking in Ethiopia and identify gaps and recommendations for service delivery, research and training, and policy. A scoping literature review approach was used to systematically search nursing, medical, psychological, law, and international databases and synthesize information on a complex, understudied topic. The search yielded 826 articles, and 39 met the predetermined criteria for inclusion in the review. Trafficking in Ethiopia has occurred internally and externally in the form of adult and child labor and sex trafficking. There were also some reports of organ trafficking and other closely related human rights violations, such as child marriage, child soldiering, and exploitative intercountry adoption. Risk factors for trafficking included push factors (poverty, political instability, economic problems, and gender discrimination) and pull factors (demand for cheap labor). Trafficking was associated with poor health and economic outcomes for victims. Key recommendations for service delivery, research and training, and policy are identified, including establishing comprehensive services for survivor rehabilitation and reintegration, conducting quantitative health outcomes research, and reforming policy around migration and trafficking. Implementing the recommendations identified by this review will allow policy makers, researchers, and practitioners to take meaningful steps toward confronting human trafficking in Ethiopia. © 2016, © The Author(s) 2016.

cultural contexts mental health and violence Violence exposure Sexual assault

Vulnerable Populations vulnerable population scientist nursing poverty mental health human survivor statistics and numerical data adoption rehabilitation qualitative research sex trafficking marriage Young Adult Humans Adolescent sexism male preschool child female risk factor outcomes research Risk Factors Child, Preschool prostitution victim prevention and control human trafficking legislation and jurisprudence Ethiopia adult physician outcome assessment Sex Work Sex Offenses sexual assault crime victim exposure to violence sexual crime organ trafficking health care delivery Crime Victims Child