Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice
Volume 17, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 808-813

Experiences from polio supplementary immunization activities in Anambra State, Nigeria (Article)

Onyeka I.N.* , Ilika A.L. , Ilika F.N. , Umeh D.C. , Onyibe R.I. , Okoye C.J. , Diden G. , Onubogu C.U.
  • a Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
  • b Department of Community Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria, Ministry of Health, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
  • c London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  • d Ministry of Health, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
  • e World Health Organization Office, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
  • f Ministry of Health, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
  • g United Nations Children's Fund Office, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
  • h Department of Paediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Routine immunization coverage is low in some States in Nigeria and contributes to the transmission of wild poliovirus. Anambra State has been polio-free since 2004. However, the risk of importation of poliovirus from travelers and migrants is a public health concern due to the commercial nature of the State. This paper reported experiences and lessons from supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) conducted in the State that will be useful to other settings experiencing low uptake of routine immunization.Materials and Methods: The SIAs were conducted simultaneously in the 21 local government areas (LGAs) in Anambra State during January, March, and November 2010. Data were entered and analyzed in Excel spreadsheet and findings were summarized as frequencies and proportions.Results: A total of 1,187,866 children were vaccinated in January, 1,260,876 in March and 1,225,187 in November 2010. The State's cumulative coverage exceeded the target coverage of >90% in the three SIAs. All LGAs met the >90% target in January and March, but one LGA achieved 79% coverage in November. The proportion of zero-dose children decreased from 6% to 4.7%, and the vaccine wastage rate ranged from 6% to 6.6%. In that same year, the state did not achieve the target coverage of >80% for routine oral polio vaccine (OPV3) immunization in any of the months and only 29% of the LGAs exceeded the routine OPV3 target.Conclusion: The State achieved high polio vaccination coverage through the SIAs, but coverage through routine immunization was low. Adopting proper planning and supervision, financial and political support, community involvement, improved vaccine logistics, and other measures utilized during the SIAs could help to improve routine immunization.

Author Keywords

Polio eradication Community involvement/participation Supplemental immunization activities Vaccination coverage

Index Keywords

Nigeria local government Poliovirus human Poliomyelitis virus statistics and numerical data Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral disease eradication procedures Humans preschool child Infant preventive health service Child, Preschool supply and distribution isolation and purification organization and management program evaluation government vaccination coverage oral poliomyelitis vaccine Immunization Programs poliomyelitis Child
Link
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84910660645&doi=10.4103%2f1119-3077.144406&partnerID=40&md5=fad5c67ff031f94a95fbc29c6b527f58
DOI: 10.4103/1119-3077.144406
ISSN: 11193077
Cited by: 4
Original Language: English