Objective: To examine labor trafficking victimizations as forms of repeat victimization and polyvictimization. Method: The study uses secondary cross-sectional data about 115 labor-trafficked persons in the United States who received services after the labor trafficking experience. Through multivariate regression analyses, victimization patterns were investigated at each primary stage of the trafficking process (recruitment, transportation, employment). Results: Our findings demonstrate patterns of repeat victimization and polyvictimization among labor-trafficked persons. Prior victimization experiences before the onset of the trafficking significantly increased the odds of experiencing victimization during the initial stages of the trafficking process (recruitment and transportation). Victimization experiences during these initial stages further increased the risk of experiencing a higher count of polyvictimization during the final stage of the trafficking process (employment). Conclusions: Our study lays the groundwork for an analytical framework upon which to evaluate labor trafficking. The results call for early intervention and comprehensive assistance programs that take into account enduring and cumulative victimization patterns in order to meet the needs of identified labor-trafficked persons. © 2017 American Psychological Association.

Repeat victimization Polyvictimization Victimization Human trafficking labor trafficking

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