International Journal of STD and AIDS
Volume 28, Issue 14, 2017, Pages 1397-1404

Multi-level risk factors associated with sex trading among women living with HIV in Kazakhstan: A neglected key population (Article)

Davis A.* , Jiwatram-Negrón T. , Primbetova S. , Terlikbayeva A. , Bilokon Y. , Chubukova L. , El-Bassel N.
  • a HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Division of Gender, Sexuality, & Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, NY, United States, Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  • b Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Almaty, Kazakhstan, School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  • c Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  • d Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  • e Kazakhstan Network of Women Living with HIV, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  • f Kazakhstan Network of Women Living with HIV, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  • g Global Health Research Center of Central Asia, Almaty, Kazakhstan, School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States

Abstract

Little is known about the prevalence and risk factors associated with sex trading among HIV-positive women. A total of 242 HIV-positive women were recruited in five regions in Kazakhstan. These women completed a survey containing items on socio-demographics, HIV stigma, intimate partner violence, and partner risk behaviors. Multivariate regression was used to examine associations between risk factors and sex trading after controlling for socio-demographic factors. Fifty-six (23.1%) women reported trading sex in the past 90 days. Women who reported recent sex trading were more likely than women who did not trade sex in the past 90 days to experience intimate partner violence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–4.73), to have been homeless in the past 90 days (AOR: 4.12; 95% CI: 1.19–14.29), and to know or suspect a male partner had a sexually transmitted infection (AOR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.07–4.53), had sex with another partner (AOR: 4.53; 95% CI: 2.25–9.14), or injected drugs in the past year (AOR: 3.31; 95% CI: 1.64–6.65). These findings underscore the need for comprehensive HIV prevention and intervention programs that address the multi-level risk factors associated with sex trading for women infected with HIV. © 2017, © The Author(s) 2017.

Author Keywords

High-risk behavior HIV Sex workers Women

Index Keywords

concurrent sexual partnership HIV Infections sexual behavior Human immunodeficiency virus infection demography homeless person homeless woman human sexuality Sexual Partners statistics and numerical data social aspect Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient priority journal Substance-Related Disorders housing drug dependence sex trafficking Cross-Sectional Studies sexually transmitted disease Sexually Transmitted Diseases social status Humans cross-sectional study psychology male female Socioeconomic Factors risk factor substance use Risk Factors socioeconomics prostitution prevalence Article high risk behavior Risk-Taking Intimate Partner Violence major clinical study adult partner violence food security infection risk Homeless Persons Sex Work criminal justice Kazakhstan intravenous drug abuse
Link
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85033488439&doi=10.1177%2f0956462417708678&partnerID=40&md5=93add551f6053a8fa134c910b171b348
DOI: 10.1177/0956462417708678
ISSN: 09564624
Original Language: English