Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare clinical and socio-demographic conditions at the onset of Type 1 diabetes in children born to immigrant families and children born to Swedish families, and to assess whether those conditions had an impact on metabolic status. Methods and design: This was an observational nationwide population-based matched cohort study on prospectively recorded registry data of all children with diabetes in Sweden and their families during 2000-2010. Out of a total of 13 415 children from the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry (SWEDIABKIDS), 879 children born to immigrant parents were collected. To these we added 2627 children with Swedish-born parents, matched for gender, age and year of onset of Type 1 diabetes. Results: The proportion of low capillary pH (< 7.30) at onset was higher in the immigrant cohort [25.8% vs. 16.4% in the Swedish cohort (P < 0.001)]. HbA1c was also higher [95 mmol/mol (10.8%) vs. 88 mmol/mol (10.2%), respectively (P < 0.001)]. In a logistic regression model with low pH as the dependent variable, we were unable to reveal any significant association to socio-demographic factors, but the odds ratio for HbA1c was 0.983 (95% CI 0.976-0.991) and for plasma glucose was 0.953 (95% CI 0.933-0.973). Conclusion: Children born to immigrant parents have lower capillary pH and higher HbA1c at diabetes onset. Immigrant families harbour lower socio-demographic living conditions, but this fact does not seem to influence the inferior metabolic condition at diabetes onset. © 2014 The Authors.

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Parents statistical analysis prospective study Blood Glucose immigrant Registries insulin dependent diabetes mellitus logistic regression analysis analysis demography economics health disparity Health Status Disparities register risk human Cohort Studies social aspect Humans hemoglobin A1c protein, human hemoglobin A1c parent Sweden school child migrant pH family Adolescent model male Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 glycosylated hemoglobin preschool child Emigrants and Immigrants Infant dependent variable Child, Preschool Socioeconomic Factors socioeconomics observational study female capillary Matched-Pair Analysis Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Severity of Illness Index Article blood glucose blood level major clinical study adult gender cohort analysis metabolic regulation Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated pathophysiology Child