Journal of Urban Health
Volume 83, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 736-740

Gender-specific correlates of sex trade among homeless and marginally housed individuals in San Francisco (Article)

Weiser S.D.* , Dilworth S.E. , Neilands T.B. , Cohen J. , Bangsberg D.R. , Riley E.D.
  • a Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States, Epidemiology and Prevention Interventions Center, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94143-1372, United States
  • b Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
  • c Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
  • d Division of Infectious Diseases, San Francisco General Hospital, UCSF, United States
  • e Division of Infectious Diseases, San Francisco General Hospital, UCSF, United States, Positive Health Program, San Francisco General Hospital, UCSF, United States
  • f Division of Infectious Diseases, San Francisco General Hospital, UCSF, United States

Abstract

Objective: Sex exchange is a well-established risk factor for HIV infection. Little is known about how correlates of sex trade differ by biologic sex and whether length of homelessness is associated with sex trade. We conducted a cross-sectional study among a sample of 1,148 homeless and marginally housed individuals in San Francisco to assess correlates of exchanging sex for money or drugs. Key independent variables included length of homelessness; use of crack, heroin or methamphetamine; HIV status; and sexual orientation. Analyses were restricted by biologic sex. In total, 39% of women and 30% of men reported a lifetime history of sex exchange. Methamphetamine use and greater length of homelessness were positively associated with a history of sex trade among women, while heroin use, recent mental health treatment, and homosexual or bisexual orientation were significantly associated with sex trade for men. Crack use was correlated with sex trade for both genders. Correlates of sex trade differ significantly according to biologic sex, and these differences should be considered in the design of effective HIV prevention programs. Our findings highlight the critical need to develop long-term services to improve housing status for homeless women, mental health services for homeless men, and drug treatment services for homeless adults involved in sex work. © 2006 The New York Academy of Medicine.

Author Keywords

Sex exchange HIV Homelessness Gender

Index Keywords

HIV Infections demography poverty sex difference human middle aged controlled study priority journal San Francisco Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence mental health care Cross-Sectional Studies cocaine United States Humans homosexuality bisexuality male sexual orientation Interviews as Topic female prostitution Article major clinical study adult drug abuse diamorphine Homeless Persons Interviews methamphetamine homelessness
Link
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33748361177&doi=10.1007%2fs11524-005-9019-0&partnerID=40&md5=557ca72cffb53934d32b763d08e2e149
DOI: 10.1007/s11524-005-9019-0
ISSN: 10993460
Cited by: 29
Original Language: English