This article discusses the position of ‘agrarian struggle’ within agrarian labour relations in India. It is argued that local labour relations and conflicts should be understood within the context of a wider balance of power between the concerned groups, regionally as well as locally. When examining local relations from this perspective, a number of well-established positions on agrarian conflict can be challenged. The interrelationship between patron—client relations on the one hand, and (what is here labelled) class-caste struggle on the other is reassessed, and it is found that they are not mutually opposed. The categories ‘unfree’ and ‘bonded’ labour relations are also reassessed. Such relations do not seem to necessarily entail the dominance normally expected. ‘Bonded’ labour relations may, in fact, not hamper collective initiative among the landless, whereas the ‘ general political dominance of the landed groups certainly may. The article is based on fieldwork data from Uttar Pradesh. © 1995, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.

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India, Uttar Pradesh power relations agrarian conflict class-caste conflict patronage caste landowners developing country agricultural labour bonded labour labour relations