This article discusses international migration from Java in the past and present and the role brokers have played in stimulating this movement. It describes legal and clandestine labor migration to Singapore, Malaysia, and Saudi Arabia, the influence of employment brokers on the process, and the organization of the recruitment networks. The involvement of brokers is crucial but not always beneficial for the migrants. Migrants are dependent on the brokers and risk exploitation. In the case of movement to Saudi Arabia, there is a linkage with religious institutions and the Islamic pilgrimage. -Author

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Migrant Workers Program Activities health care planning economics population Communication demography Migrants developing country labour migration Population Dynamics interpersonal communication Developing Countries Asia Middle East Western Asia Asia, Western Illegal Migrants Arab Countries employment broker social networks Recruitment Activities Influentials Java Knowledge Sources employment brokers Saudi Arabia attitude health care manpower labor migration Health Manpower Southeast Asia personnel management migrants' experience leadership Indonesia Malaysia Article organization and management Organization And Administration Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Programs Personnel Selection migration Health Planning international migration Singapore Demographic Factors Southeastern Asia Emigration and Immigration Economic Factors International Migration--determinants Transients and Migrants Human Resources Macroeconomic Factors employment Labor Force Asia, Southeastern