This paper reviews the major types of international migration and recent global and regional trends in population movements, as well as conceptual issues and recent trends in the volume of remittance flows. The paper further considers the extent to which trade, aid, and development can be expected to stem future migration flows, the role of international migration in trade in services, and implications for future research. The number of international migrants is large - conservatively upwards of 1000 million people - and potentially rising as the result of demographic pressures and labor force growth in developing areas, widening economic differentials amongst countries, and the extension of transportation and communications. Financial flows associated with international migration are also large: official remittances were nearly US$66 billion in 1989. Migration is central to trade in services, including some previously considered "non-tradeable'. Remittances alone constitute about 8.5% of the total value of world trade in services and reflect only a fraction of the total financial flows associated with international migration. Over generations, rapid economic development can be expected to moderate the pressures that produce out-migration. Over the short term, development can increase the propensities for movement. There are a number of research issues relevant to migration and trade. Measurements of financial flows can be improved by better understanding the reporting, recording, and directions of official remittances, and by documenting and estimating the volume of trade generated by international migration. The adoption of measures to address the potential for migration from Central and Eastern Europe offer new opportunities to understand interactions amongst migration, trade, aid, investment, and development, as do the "turnaround cases' (eg Italy, Spain, Portugal) of countries that have shifted or are shifting from being areas of emigration to ones of immigration. -from Authors

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international migration migration flow trade effect trade in services remittance flow remittance flows aid population movement trade population migration migration