This paper examines how the structure of manufacturing production varies, both across countries and through time, in relation to the toxic emissions of the component industries. Evidence is also presented on the connection between these variations and trade policy liberalization. Industrial emissions may be thought of as output multiplied by the pollution intensity of that output. In turn the pollution intensity of output derives from the mix of industrial products, the processes used to produce each of these goods, and treatment of the resultant waste from these processes. The scope of analysis is dictated by the nature of the data available, described later. Some of the elements likely to affect the pollution intensity of industrial production, before turning to the results are discussed. There are comments by R. Lopez on pp 87-88. -from Authors

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international migration environmental planning pollution intensity policy liberalisation toxic pollution industrial regulation economic development