This paper highlights the ways in which rural-to-urban migrants to Hanoi face injustices in their everyday interactions with the state and other urban residents.This paper reveals the way in which the residential registration system marginalises migrants and prevents them from easily accessing essential services such as healthcare, housing, water and electricity. The system creates second-class citizens who are excluded based on group membership, mainly those on a low income, or in rural or informal employment. A justice lens helps to reveal the systemic and cyclical ways that oppressive forces such as violence, marginalisation, powerlessness and exploitation will hold back progress until these issues are addressed. © 2018 Policy Press. All Rights Reserved.

Vietnam Marginalisation Migration citizenship Informal livelihoods justice

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