The export of surplus manpower to Western Europe has been an important feature of Turkish employment policy since the 60s. Turkish labor emigrants in Western European countries have been faced with increasing employment difficulties, especially after the oil shock in 1973. The professional education, set up in the receiving countries for foreign workers, has played a vital role in available employment opportunities. This is particularly the case of Germany, where the greatest number of Turkish immigrants have settled. Second generation children of Turkish descent are in fact more and more encouraged to attend professional schools. The closer relationships between professional education and employment opportunities has been of major importance also in promoting economic and cultural relations between Turkey and the receiving European countries.

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education Germany educational status economics Employment Status--determinants social policy Europe developing country Developing Countries Asia Turkey (republic) Developed Countries Western Asia policy Asia, Western Mediterranean Countries socioeconomic status Western Europe education opportunity school attendance School Enrollment student social status health care manpower employment opportunity Health Manpower Socioeconomic Factors socioeconomics Turkish immigrants Article Turkey developed country Economic Factors Students social class Human Resources public policy employment Migration Policy Population Policy