Atherosclerosis
Volume 286, 2019, Pages 105-113

Epidemiology, risk factors, and opportunities for prevention of cardiovascular disease in individuals of South Asian ethnicity living in Europe (Review) (Open Access)

Cainzos-Achirica M.* , Fedeli U. , Sattar N. , Agyemang C. , Jenum A.K. , McEvoy J.W. , Murphy J.D. , Brotons C. , Elosua R. , Bilal U. , Kanaya A.M. , Kandula N.R. , Martinez-Amezcua P. , Comin-Colet J. , Pinto X.
  • a Department of Cardiology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
  • b Department of Epidemiology, Azienda ZeroVeneto Region, Italy
  • c Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
  • d Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • e General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Department of General Practice, University of Oslo, Institute of Health and Society, Norway
  • f Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States, National University of Ireland and National Institute for Preventive Cardiology, Galway, Ireland, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Saolta University Healthcare Group, University College Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
  • g Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
  • h Casernes Primary Care Center, Àmbit D'Atenció Primària Barcelona Ciutat, Barcelona, Spain
  • i Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, Mar Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain, Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Barcelona, Spain, School of Medicine, Universitat de Vic-Central de Catalunya, Vic, Spain
  • j Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  • k University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
  • l Northwestern University, Departments of Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
  • m Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
  • n Department of Cardiology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  • o School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Cardiovascular Risk Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, Biomedical Research Network in Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

Abstract

South Asian (SA)individuals represent a large, growing population in a number of European countries. These individuals, particularly first-generation SA immigrants, are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, atherogenic dyslipidaemia, and coronary heart disease than most other racial/ethnic groups living in Europe. SAs also have an increased risk of stroke compared to European-born individuals. Despite a large body of conclusive evidence, SA-specific cardiovascular health promotion and preventive interventions are currently scarce in most European countries, as well as at the European Union level. In this narrative review, we aim to increase awareness among clinicians and healthcare authorities of the public health importance of cardiovascular disease among SAs living in Europe, as well as the need for tailored interventions targeting this group – particularly, in countries where SA immigration is a recent phenomenon. To this purpose, we review key studies on the epidemiology and risk factors of cardiovascular disease in SAs living in the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and other European countries. Building on these, we discuss potential opportunities for multi-level, targeted, tailored cardiovascular prevention strategies. Because lifestyle interventions often face important cultural barriers in SAs, particularly for first-generation immigrants; we also discuss features that may help maximise the effectiveness of those interventions. Finally, we evaluate knowledge gaps, currently available risk stratification tools such as QRISK-3, and future directions in this important field. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

Author Keywords

coronary heart disease diabetes South Asian prevention physical activity cardiovascular disease

Index Keywords

priority journal Review immigration cardiovascular risk ethnicity South Asian demography Europe practice guideline human cardiovascular disease health care access
Link
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065874096&doi=10.1016%2fj.atherosclerosis.2019.05.014&partnerID=40&md5=5952b6cd22b00e0ebe86350eb691725c
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.05.014
ISSN: 00219150
Cited by: 1
Original Language: English